Project Management
My training and background in software development has included the “cradle to grave” approach, the Spiral, RAD, Extreme, Agile, and other software development styles. The main thing is that they all are implementations of a software development life cycle (SDLC). As such they all include the major pieces of a project charter to say what is to be done and what approach is to be followed. They all define the objectives for the project, the goals, how to accomplish the project, and know that the project did at least meet the stated objectives.
The major tool for accomplishing a project is called project management. Three examples follow that discuss “Project Management” concepts. First is an excerpt from Brian Tracy, secondly an excerpt from Marty Floyd, and thirdly an excerpt from “Self-Help”.
Brian Tracy said –
Some skills are peripheral to success. It’s nice to have them, but they don’t make much of a difference one way or another. There are other skills, however, that are absolutely essential to your fulfilling your potential, and you must develop them to a fairly high degree if you are to achieve all of your goals.One of these absolutely essential skills is the ability to manage projects of various sizes. A project is defined as a multitask job, the kind that you engage in every day in the process of making a living and carrying on the business of your life.
To be a success, you must be good at project management.
One of the great dangers in project management is feeling that we already know all we need to know about the subject.
Too many people take their ability to do several jobs at once, or in a row, for granted. They fall into the intelligence trap of the low performer. They use their intelligence to point out to themselves and to others how confident and capable they already are. They join the ranks of the “unconscious incompetent.”
The unconscious incompetent is the person who does not know, and he does not know that he does not know. Project management is a function not just of those who build hydroelectric dams or construct huge skyscrapers.
You organize and engage in a project each time you go shopping at the grocery store. If you are in sales, every prospect you are working on developing into a regular customer is a project. If you are going out for the evening with another person, you are planning and organizing a project.
And here is a key point. Your ability to organize and carry through a project successfully is a key skill for success. It is the essential art of management. It is the way that you multiply yourself and your results.
Your ability to manage projects of all kinds is absolutely indispensable to your achieving financial independence and moving to the top in your field.
Many people can type, but few people can type 80 or 90 words a minute without mistakes. Millions of people know how to operate computers, but only a few can use the computer so skillfully as to maximize its capacities in helping them to do their work and accomplish their objectives.
Marty Floyd said –
As a starting point it is important to discuss what is called the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK). The PMBOK was developed to provide consistent definition to the phases of a project and to delineate what should be considered as important within the context of each part of project management guidance. The knowledge areas and project management processes are contained in nine main focus areas.
- Project Integration Management - development of project plan, project plan execution and change control.
- Project Scope Management - initiation, scope planning, scope definition, scope verification and scope change control.
- Project Time Management - activity definition, activity sequencing, activity duration estimation, schedule development and schedule control.
- Project Cost Management - resource planning, cost estimating, cost budgeting and cost control.
- Project Quality Management - quality planning, quality assurance, and quality control.
- Project Human Resource Management - organizational planning, staff acquisition and team development.
- Project Communications Management - communications planning, information distribution, performance reporting and administrative closure.
- Project Risk Management - risk identification, risk qualification, risk response development and risk response control.
- Project Procurement Management - procurement planning, solicitation planning, solicitation, source selection, contract administration and contract close-out.
As you can see from these focus areas there is a strong emphasis on the use and meaning of the word “control”. A LOT of activity and paperwork can be developed in these management areas, but the main point is that there must be corrective action as required. The authority and responsibility resides with the project manager. There are many skills and attributes that a project manager needs to draw upon to be effective. The project manager has to be:
- Leader - as a manager the primary concern is consistently provide key results that are expected by the “stakeholders”. Leading is also required and involves establishing the vision, strategies needed to “realize” the vision, and, in fact, establishing the direction. The leader must motivate, inspire and communicate among the various people overcoming the political, bureaucratic and people barriers. It is important to remember that leadership must be demonstrated at all levels within the project such as by individuals responsible for technical issues and by team members.
- Communicating - exchanging information is the key. Make sure that clear, concise and complete information is given to the receiver. Make sure that the receiver has obtained the information in its entirety and that it is clearly understood. Communications is a broad subject area but suffice to say that, whether oral or written, communications is critical to the project. It does not matter whether the communications are formal, whether the communications are going up, down or vertical. What does matter is that the effort will be far exceeded by the results. One thing to remember is that if you tell everyone at once you have a better chance of getting information disseminated correctly, rather than reliance on word of mouth by members of the team telling others. Every time a different person relays information the slant, intent, body language, inflection all have a chance to infer something different.
- Negotiating - conferring with people to come to consensus or agreement. Negotiating infers that there may be a need for a mediator, arbitrator or facilitator. It depends on the circumstance, the importance, the level, and, more likely, the issues. Issues like cost, scope, objectives, contract terms and conditions, resources can all require negotiating skills.
- Problem solving - defining (problem definition) and deciding (decision making based on analysis, solution viability or dictates from stakeholders).
- Influencing the organization - the ability to use power and politics to get things done. This requires the ability to understand the mechanics or the organization regarding how to constructively use political ability.
Project management processes can be organized into five groupings of one or more processes each as follows:
- Initiating processes - this includes recognizing that a project or phase should begin and making a commitment to do it.
- Planning processes - this means developing and maintaining a “workable” plan to accomplish what the project was undertaken to accomplish.
- Executing processes - coordinating people and any other resources to “execute” or carry out the plan.
- Controlling processes - making sure that the project objectives are met by measuring and monitoring progress. Furthermore, it means taking appropriate corrective actions when necessary.
- Closing processes - bringing the project to an orderly conclusion with formal acceptance of the phase or the project.
Everyone connected with managing projects has had the additional core challenge of developing metrics that are “added value” in performance capability and delivery of completed projects that meet the expectations of stakeholders. Collecting metrics does not mean just tabulating figures. It means developing information that helps now and then helps even more in future efforts.There are many, many methods. The charge is to determine what works best for your organization. There are volumes of information on what to collect and how to use the measures effectively. The main point is to not just collect data. Collect information! To see the reference web page go to http://www.mmbandt.com/Marty’s_PM_page.htm
An example of a project on self-help is at Psychological Self Help: see, download and read it at http://www.mentalhelp.net/psyhelp